Reasons for sexual dysfunction and how to deal with it
The column in the previous issue discussed the different types of sexual dysfunction. This column will go over some origins of and treatments for sexual dysfunction disorders.
Sexual dysfunction can be biological, psychological, or a mix of both. For example, there may be a biological factor driving the sexual dysfunction, but psychological factors, such as anger regarding the sexual dysfunction may prolong or worsen the problem.
Biological factors include conflicts arising from medications, health problems, hormonal deficiencies, a lack of exercise, and aging. Some medications, particularly those prescribed for mental health issues, can decrease libido and sexual functioning.
Health problems such as cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, thyroid overactivity or underactivity, and temporal lobe epilepsy are known to cause sexual dysfunction.
Hormone deficiencies, particularly a lack of testosterone, can negatively impact sexual desire. Aging plays a notable role in hormone deficiencies for males. As males age there is a gradual decline in testosterone, which explains the decline in the sexual desires of older men. Women’s sexual functioning is also impacted by age. Around menopause, women start to produce less vaginal lubrication and the vaginal walls become thinner, which can make intercourse painful.
There are many psychological factors that can impact sexual dysfunction, including but not limited to interpersonal relations and one’s sexual history.
If there are non-sexual problems in the relationship, they can transfer into the bedroom, which can influence sexual functioning. A lack of communication surrounding these problems can make the problems (both in the bedroom and out) worse. It is very important to talk to your partner about what you want out of sex and how it feels.
Anxiety about sex can also impact sexual functioning. There are many reasons someone may be anxious about sex. There may be a fear of pleasure, injury, or concerns regarding a loss of control. Additionally, concerns around being able to pleasure your partner and be “good” at sex can create performance anxiety.
How people feel about sex and their understanding of how sexual response and pleasure functions can impact one’s own sexual function. Those who were raised in cultures or homes that were sexually repressive may associate shame and anxiety with sex, which can make pleasurable encounters difficult. There are many myths about sexual response and pleasure, as these subjects are often not taught, which can make if difficult for people to understand what works for them and their partner.
While there are many influences on sexual functioning, there are also a variety of treatments. If the problem is biological, a biological treatment may help, but often a combination of biological and therapeutic treatments are most effective. For psychological problems a therapeutic approach is most helpful to address underlying problems.
Biological treatment can include medication such as Viagra, hormone replacements, or artificial lubricant.
Which therapeutic treatments are going to work depend on what factors are influencing the development of the sexual dysfunction disorder. Therapy can help to deal with the underlying problems, such as relationship issues, attitudes, and anxiety. Sex therapy can also help to address the myths that exist and can give partners exercises to slowly build up to creating a pleasurable experience for both people. These treatments are often done with a couple, but can also be given to individuals.